Ph.D. Biotechnology and Microbiology in Sweden

Mahivi from Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh asked ‘I have finished M. Tech. Biotechnology and working as lecturer in a college. I want to do Ph.D. in Biotechnology. What are the exams I have to write and where are good institutes?’ The answer for this question is here. There are several national level exams you can go for. CSIR – NET, DBT and ICMR, ICAR, IISC and GATE are the most common ones. You can appear for these and if you are able to clear any of this you can join in any of the premier research institutes and Universities of this country. Apart from the above some professors will have projects in universities where they may take without above exams, subject to fulfill his/her requirements.

Ph.D. Microbiology in Sweden: To do Ph.D. in Microbiology in Sweden after M.Sc. Medical Microbiology in India, you need to have GRE, TOEFL or IELTS course and apply for the specific university you want. Along with any of these scores you require to have all transcripts from your 10th standard, 2 to 3 recommendation letters and a well written statement of purpose (SOP). Below is the list of Universities, you can look for details through the provided links: 1. Uppsala University 2. Lund University 3. University of Gothenburg 4. Stockholm University 5. Karolinska Institute 6. Umea University 7. Royal Institute of Technology 8. Linkoping University 9. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences 10. Lulea University of Technology 11. Karlstad University 12. Orebro University 13. Mid Sweden University and 14. Linnaeus University. Out of these Universities Uppsala University, Stockholm University and Karolinska Institutes are well known for higher Studies.

Institutes offering Astronomy Courses in India

Career as Astronaut is dream for number of young students. There are a few steps to be Astronaut. You must either enter into reputed IITs or finish your Graduation and Post Graduation in Physics or Instrumentation etc. from a prestigious institute. You should choose Aeronautical engineering or Mathematics or Physics as your future subjects and then you can move further in your aimed direction.
There are huge opportunities for serious candidates in this specialization.

There are also a limited number of institutions that are doing high level research in astronomy. You should try to get your degree under the supervision of a astronomer. Then you will have a reasonable chance of success. At Graduation level, Astronomy courses are not offered by any mainstream universities in India. At the Master’s and Ph.D levels, there are several options.

You can choose the institute offering the courses in India from the list given below.
1. Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, (Pune)
2. Indian Institute of Astrophysics, (Bangalore)
3. Raman Research Institute, (Bangalore)
4. National Centre for Radio Astronomy
5. Indian Institute of Science, (Bangalore)
6. Osmania University, Hyderabad
7. Swami Ramananda Theerth University, Nanded, Maharashtra
8. Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai
9. Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamilnadu.
10. Radio Astronomy Center, Tamilnadu
11. Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala.

Admission to these institutions will be based on common entrance test and interview. Candidates must have studies Physics as a main subject in Post Graduation. Some institutes admit engineering students as well. You can visit websites of those institutes for complete details of eligibility and selection procedure.

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