10th Class Important Questions – Page 6

Following are important questions and answers for the 10th Class / SSC public examinations in Telangana and Andhra Pradesh. The questions are from the first and second chapters (India Relief Features and Ideas of Development) of new SSC syllabus. These may be asked as 1 or 2 mark questions.

Q: What is IMR?
A: IMR means Infant Mortality Rate.
Out of 1,000 live children born, the number of children who die within one year.

Q: What is Per Capita Income?
A: The total income or the value of production of a nation in a year is National Income. If the national income of a country is divided by its population, we get the Per Capita Income.

Q: What are the Duns?
A: The valleys lying between the lesser Himalayas and Shivalik ranges are called as Duns. Dehra Dun, Kotli Dun, Patli Dun are the examples.

Q: What is the difference between Bhabar and Terai?
A: The Himalayan rivers deposit gravel and pebble sediments in a narrow belt parallel to foothills of Shivaliks. This is Bhabar. It is porous in nature.

Small rivers and streams flow underground through Bhabar and reappear in lower areas and form a swampy and marshy region called Terai. Thick forests and rich variety of wildlife are seen here.

Q: What are the three parts of Coastal Plains?
A: 1) Konkan Coast (Maharashtra – Goa)
2) Canara Coast (Karnataka)
3) Malabar (Kerala)

Q: Name the three major divisions of the Himalayas.
A: The Greater Himalayas or Himadri
The lesser Himalayas or Himachal
The Shivaliks or Outer Himalayas.

Q: Why do we often use the term “Indian Peninsula”?
A: Our country is surrounded by sea on three sides.
In the North, it is land locked with Himalayas. So it is called Indian Peninsula.
The three seas are Bay of Bengal, Indian Ocean and Arabian Sea.

Q: Write about Thar Desert.
A: Thar Desert consists of sandy plain and rocky outcrops. It is located in Western Rajastan. Arid climate with low vegetation cover is found there. River “Luni”, an internal drainage is the only river here.

Q: What is the criteria used by World Bank to classify countries?
A: Countries with per capita income of US $ 12,600 and above per annum in 2012 are called high income countries. Countries with per capita income of US $ 1,035 or less per annum in 2012 are called low income countries. Per capita income in between US $ 12,600 and US $ 1,035 are middle income countries.

Q: What are the public facilities?
A: Facilities provided by Government or society for the people are called public facilities. The facilities may be goods or services. eg: Government Schools and Hospitals.

Q: What are the indicators of Human Development Index?
A: The indicators of Human Development Index are:
Life expectancy at birth,
Average years of schooling,
Expected years of schooling and Per Capita Income.

Q: What is PDS?
A: PDS means Public Distribution System through which the subsidised commodities like rice, wheat, edible oil, pulses and sugar are given to the ration card holders. It is for the betterment of health and nutritional status of the below poverty line people.

Question: What is the action of soap particles on greasy cloth? (4 Marks)

Answer: Soaps and detergents make oil and dirt present on the cloth come out into water, there by making the cloth clean.
a) Soap has one polar end and one non-polar end.
b) The polar end is hydrophilic in nature and this end is attracted towards water.
c) The non-polar end is hydrophobic, in nature and it is attracted towards grease or oil on the cloth, but not attracted towards water.
d) When soap is dissolved in water, its hydrophobic ends attach themselves to dirt and remove it from the cloth.
e) The hydrophobic end of the soap molecules move towards the dirt or grease particles.
f) The hydrophobic ends attached to the dirt particle and try to pull out.
g) The molecules of soap surround the dirt particle at the centre of the cluster and form a spherical structure called micelle.
h) These micelles remain suspended in water like particles in a collidal solution.
i) The various micelles present in water do not come together to form a precipitate as each micelle repells the other because of the ion- ion- repulsion.
j) Thus, the dust particles remain trapped in micelles and are easily rinsed away with water.
k) Hence, soap micelles remove dirt by dissolving in water.

Question:

We know metals are arranged basing on their reactivity. What is the name given to that arrangement? How it helps in extraction of metals? (4 Marks)

Answer: Activity Series: Extraction of the metal from its ore depends on the reactivity of the metal.
a) To understand the order of reactivity of metals that are very familiar, we study their chemical reactions with cold water, steam, dilute, strong acids and Cl2 and based on their vigorous activity order in these reactions, we frame out activity series.
b) Arrangement of the metals in decreasing order of their reactivity is known as activity series. Usefulness of activity series in extraction of metals:
c) Simple chemical reduction methods like heating with C, Co etc., to reduce the ores of these metals depends mainly on the position of the metal in the activity series.
d) Extration of metals at the top of the activity series can be done by electrolysis.
e) Extraction of metals in the middle of the activity series can be extracted by
1)) Sulphide ores are converted into oxides by roasting.
2) The metal oxides are then reduced to the corresponding metal by using suitable reducing agents like carbon.
f) Extraction of metals at the bottom of the acitivity series by heating alone as they are often found in free state.
g) Extraction of these metals can also be done by displacement from aqueous solutions.

Question:

How do you appreciate the role of Buckminister fullerence in medicine. (2 Marks)

Answer: Fullerences are under study for potential medicinal use such as specific antibiotics to target resistant bacteria and even target certain cancer cells such as melonoma.
a) This is still under research studies.
b) I appreciate its usefulness in medicine which may become a good medicine for curing certain cancer in the time to come.

Question:

What is the role of esters in everyday life? (2 Marks)

Answer: Esters are generally volatile liquids with sweet or pleasent smell or fruity smell.
a) Artificial perfumes are made with esters.
b) Esters are used as flavouring agents.
c) Esters are used in making artificial flavours and essences used in ice-creams, sweets, cool drinks… etc.,
d) Saponification (soap making) is the alkaline hydrolysis of esters.