AP – SSC Study Material – Page 46

Essay Type Questions (Each question carries 4 Marks)
Q. What are the rules to be followed while giving first aid?
A. The following rules and principles are necessary for success in first aid and to save the victim from danger.
1. Organise the activities in orderly fashion without panic and confusion.
2. Firstly, treat for breathing. Every second is important for the survival of the victim.
3. If the victim is bleeding, immediately make efforts to stop bleeding.
4. Treat for the shock by moving the victim as little as possible and handling gently.
5. Do first aid as much as required to prevent the deterioration of the condition.
6. Do not allow people to crowd around the victim. Allow fresh air to the victim.
7. Do not create fear in the victim or people around him. Assure him that he is in safe hands and medical help will be coming soon.
8. Do not move or remove clothes from the victim unnecessarily.
9. See the proper medical help is available to the victim at the earliest by sending message to a doctor or to an ambulance.

Q. What are the different types of fractures seen in the limbs of a person?
A. The term fracture is used to indicate that the bone is broken due to an accident. Fractures can occur in any part of the body, but usually they occur in the limbs. The following are the different types of fractures.
1. Simple fracture: This is also called closed fracture. Only the bone is broken and there will not be wounds at the site of fracture. The bone may be broken completely or partially.
2. Compound fracture: This is called open fracture. Along with the fracture of the bone, wound is also seen at the site of the fracture. One or both the broken ends of the bone pierce through the skin and protrude out. This may damage the surface tissue and cause bleeding.
3. Complicated fracture: This type of fracture is associated with damages to important internal organs such as liver, brain, intestines, spleen and major blood vessels.
4. Communicated fracture: In this type bone is broken at several places.
5. Impact fracture: The broken ends of fractured bone are driven into one another.
6. Green Stick Fracture: The bone bends but does not break. This is usually seen in children.

Q. Mention the symptoms of a fracture.
A. The following are the symptoms of a fracture.
1. There will be pain at the site of fracture.
2. Swelling appears at that site.
3. The affected area will be tender to touch and cannot bear even small pressure.
4. Injured part cannot be moved normally.
5. The limbs may be deformed. When the bones break, the muscles attached to the bones contract and pull the broken ends of the bones one over the other. This usually results in shortening of the bones (or) limbs.
6. There will be unnatural movement at the site of fracture.
7. Grating sound can be heard at the site of fracture.
8. Symptoms depend on the extent of bone damage. The extent of damage can be known by comparing the unbroken side with the broken side.

Short Type Questions (Each question carries 2 Marks)
Q. What first aid do you render for fractures?
A. 1. Treat the fractures at the site of accident, victim should not be moved unnecessarily.
2. First attend to wounds which are bleeding. Clean the wounds and make efforts to stop bleeding.
3. Clean the injured part with cotton and give support to the fractured limb with splints of wood.
4. This will stop bleeding and prevents damage to the blood vessels, nerves and muscles.
Q. What is first aid? Mention its purpose.
A. It is an immediate and temporary care given to a person who had met with an accident or suddenly falls sick. The purpose of the first
aid is to:
1. Keep the victim alive.
2. Relieve pain or distress
3. Prevent the condition going bad until a doctor attends on the patient or the patient is taken to a hospital.
Q. Who was the pioneer in the first aid and who made significant contributions in popularising it?
A. A German called Esmarch was the originator of first aid. However, first aid was made popular by St. Johns Ambulance Service (England) in 1879. British Red Cross Society and St. Andrew’s Ambulance service
also made significant contributions in popularising first aid. Even today, these three organisations are giving training to the people in first aid.

I. Choose the correct answer:
1. The total no. of pairs of peripheral nerves in man are: ( )
a) 41 b) 42 c) 43 d) 44
2. The outer membrane that covers brain is: ( )
a) Myelin Sheath b) Dura Matter c) Arachnoid membrane d) Pia matter
3. Fluid that flows between the outer and middle membranes that cover the brain: ( )
a) Lymph b) plasma c) cerebrospinal fluid d) serum
4. Cranial nerve that controls heart beat is: ( )
a) Precaval b) post caval c) Aorta d) Vagus
5. All the spinal nerves are: ( )
a) Afferent nerves b) Motor nerves c) Sensory nerves d) Mixed nerves
6. Which part of the nervous system control involuntary actions: ( )
a) medulla oblongata b) cerebellum c) Hypothalamus d) Spinal cord
7. The weight of the brain in the total weight of the body is about: ( )
a) 2% b) 3% c) 4% d) 5%
8. The decade 1990 to 2000 is known as decade of : ( )
a) Heart b) Brain c) Kidney d) Eye
9. Ivon Pavolv conducted experiments on ( )
a) Unconditioned reflexes b) Action of cerebrospinl fluid c) Conditioned Reflexes d) Actions of pons varoli
10. Each neuron receives 1000 to 10,000 inputs and conducts electrical impulses at a speed of: ( )
a) 0.6 to 120 meters/ min b) 0.1 to 10 meters/ min c) 1 to 200 meters/ min d) none
II. Fill in the blanks:
1. Nerve is a budle of —
2. Hypothalamus secretes —
3. The fluid that flows between the outer and middle membranes that cover the brain is –
4. Centres for regulating B.P., hunger and emotions are present in —
5. Spinal cord plays a major role in —
6. Cerebrum is the seat of — and —
7. — portion of brain has centres that control emotions like anger, pain etc.
8. The decade from 1990 to 2000 is known as —
9. The famous Russian scientist who conducted experiments on conditioned reflexes was —
10. Our standing in attention when we hear our National Anthem is a — reflex.
11. The information about a stimulus is analysed by — of spinal cord.
12. The structural and functional unit of a reflex action is called —
13. The sudden and involuntary actions that save us from danger
are —
14. Conditioned reflexes are not —
15. Brain is solely dependent on — its energy requirements
16. Peripheral nervous system has — pairs of nerves
17. The inner membrane of brain is called —
III. Match the following:
Set A: Group A Group B
1. Nervous system ( ) A) Nodes of Ranvier
2. Sensory nerves ( ) B) Efferent neurons
3. Motor nerves ( ) C) Axon
4. Mixed nerves ( ) D) Receptors
5. Gaps of myelin sheath ( ) E) Dendrites F) Afferent neurons G) Motor and sensory nerves
Set B: Group A Group B
1. Reflex Arc ( ) A) Not inherited reflexes
2. Experiments on Dog ( ) B) Pituitory
3. Conditioned reflexes ( ) C) Dendrites
4. Projections of cellbody ( ) D) Inner neuron
5. Hypothalamus ( ) E) Pavlov’s experiment F) Nodes of Ranvier G) Cyton
ANSWERS: I. Choose the correct answer:
1) C 2) D 3) C 4) D 5) D 6) D 7) A 8) B 9) C 10)A
II. Fill in the blanks: 1. Axons 2. Hormones 3.Cerebro Spinal fluid 4.Hypothalamus 5. Reflex actions 6. Intelligence, Thinking and
Judgement 7. Diencephalon 8. Decade of brain 9.Ivon pavlov 10.Conditioned reflex 11. Neurons 12. Reflex arc 13. Reflex actions
14. Inherited 15. Glucose 16. 43 17. Dura matter
III. Matching: Set A: 1)D 2)F 3)B 4)G 5)A Set B: 1)D 2)E 3)A 4)C 5)B.

10th Biology Important Questions and Answers

SSC Biology study Material