Q. What is emulsification?
A. The digestion of fats by converting them into small globule like forms by the help of bile juice secreted from liver is emulsification.
Q. What is chyme?
A. Chyme is soft slimy substance in which some proteins and carbohydrates have already broken down.
Q. What are the products of light reaction?
A. The end products of light reaction are O2, ATP and NADPH.
Q. What is photolysis of water?
A. Chlorophyll absorbs the Photons and gets activated. Activated chlorophyll splits the water molecule into two ions named hydrogen
ion (H+) and hydroxyl ion (OH-). This process is called photolysis of water.
Q. What is the function of epiglottis?
A. Epiglottis controls the movement of air and food towards their respective passages.
Q. What is aerobic respiration?
A. Oxidation of glucose in presence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration.
Q. Where is energy stored in ATP?
A. Energy is stored in the terminal phosphate bond in ATP which is having three phosphates attached to a molecule of Adenosine.
Q. In which kind of respiration is more energy released?
A. Around 686 k.cal of energy is released in aerobic respiration. It is much more than the 58 k.cal energy that is released in anaerobic respiration.
Q. What is cardiac cycle?
A. One contraction and one relaxation of atria and ventricles is called one cardiac cycle.
Q. What is hypertension?
A. People who have high BP during rest period are said to have hypertension.
Q. Why are the artery walls very strong and elastic?
A. Arteries carry blood away from the heart to every cell of the body tissue. They do this activity with lot of pressure. That’s why their walls are thick and elastic to enable the arteries to do the job properly.
Q. When does our pulse rate go up?
A. Our pulse rate goes up after doing strenuous exercise, running, jogging, playing games, during anxiety or fear etc.,
Q. What are the substances present in blood?
A. Substances present in blood are glucose, sodium, potassium chlorides, urea, creatinine, uric acid, cholesterol, triglycerides,
calcium, phosphorus, bilirubin, proteins etc.,
Q. What is the importance of Jatropa?
A. Bio-diesel is obtained from the latex of Jatropa.
Q. What is haemodialysis?
A. The process of filtering the blood artificially is called haemodialysis.
Q. Why is excretion necessary?
A. Excretion is necessary to keep all the body organs healthy and to expel toxins from the body.
Q. What are the three types of nerves present in human body?
A. On the basis of pathways followed, nerves are classified mainly into three types. They are:
1. Afferent Neurons
2. Efferent Neurons
3. Association Neurons.
Q. What is the control system of plants?
A. Plants have some chemical substances to control and coordinate the functions of plants. These chemicals are called as hormones.
Ex: Auxins, Gibberellins, Cytokinins, Ethylene and Abscisic Acid.
Q. What is parthenogenesis and what is its significance? Give an example.
A. Parthenogenesis involves the production of a new plant or animal from a female without the sexual involvement of the male. Watermelon and grapes are examples of parthenogenesis.
Q. Who discovered mitosis?
A. Walther Fleming of Germany in 1879.
Q. What is contraception?
A. The prevention of pregnancy in women by preventing fertilization is called contraception.
Q. What is gestation period?
A. Total time required for the development of embryo and foetus is called gestation period.
Q. Which hormone is responsible for hunger pangs in stomach?
A. Ghrelin.
Q. What is the function of salivary amylase?
A. Salivary amylase breaks down the large starch molecules into smaller sub units usually into sugars.
Q. What is the significance of villi?
A. Villi are the finger like projections inside the small intestine. They absorb nutrients from the food in small intestine.
Q. What stimulates hunger?
A. Smell of food, taste of food, sight of food, getting tired and exhausted, need of food and thought of food stimulates hunger.
Q. What is allele?
A. The pair of genes which are responsible for character is called “allele”.
Q. How do frequency of genes changes in small populations?
A. Changes in the frequency of genes in small populations happens through genetic drift.
Q. What is study of fossils called as?
A. Study of fossils is called as palaeontology.
Q. What are vestigial organs?
A. Organs which are not useful in animals are called vestigial organs.
Eg: pinna, hair on skin, mammary glands in man, appendix etc.,
Q. Who proposed the theory of Natural Selection?
A. Charles Darwin.
Q. What is a food web?
A: Food web is the elaborate interconnected feeding relationships in an ecosystem. Many of the food chains in an ecosystem are cross-linked to form food web.
Practice Questions:
1. What does the word “niche” denote?
2. What are biogeochemical cycles?
3. What happens if the dissolved oxygen reduces in lake water?
4. Expand ICRISAT.
5. Expand IUCN.
6. How does haustoria help a parasite?
7. What is chalky acid gas?
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